![](/sites/voices.smu.edu.sg/files/support/352241108-active-bystander.jpg)
Being an Active Bystander
These are the 4Ds of being an Active Bystander
- Directly intervening in the situation
- Distracting the perpetrator
- Delegating help to someone
- Delay intervening if unsuitable at the time and check in with the victim after
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How to intervene?
- Pay attention once you notice something is amiss
- Take time to interpret the situation – is it a problem or not?
- Take personal responsibility -for the situation
- Intervene in a safe and effective manner
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How to stay safe while intervening?
- You should always consider your personal safety. Should you intervene directly or indirectly?
- Are you able to enlist the help of others e.g. other observers or proper authorities?
- Intervene early, before the situation escalates
- Remain calm throughout. Focus on gathering information and being supportive of the victim
![](/sites/voices.smu.edu.sg/files/support/357841835-signs-need-help.jpg)
Signs Someone Might Need Help
- Severe mood swings
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Loss of interest in favourite activities
- Procrastinating more than usual
- Self-harm
- Socially withdrawn
- Excessive worrying or anxiety
- Substance use
- Poorer than usual hygiene
- Risky sexual/ promiscuous behaviour
- Physical symptoms without illness
- Missing classes
- Thoughts of death or suicide
- Inability to cope with everyday life
![](/sites/voices.smu.edu.sg/files/support/357841835-need-help.jpg)
What to do if you suspect someone needs help or has suicidal thoughts?
If someone shares that they are experiencing difficult thoughts and feelings, you should:
- Stay calm
- Be non-judgmental
- Listen to understand
- Be patient
- Express concern
- Encourage them to seek professional help or talk to someone they trust (Counsellors/SMU Peer Helpers/Family/Friends/Health Professionals where applicable)
- Offer to accompany them to make an appointment if necessary
- Support and check-in with them regularly
If you suspect your friend is suicidal and may be in immediate danger, you should:
- Stay with them and do not leave them alone
- Empathize and avoid rationalizing the situation
- Consult a trusted adult or professional – do not attempt to manage it alone
- Call campus security at 6828 0343, or the police at 999 for assistance if necessary